Password Cracking: Ethical hackers employ password cracking techniques to uncover weak or easily guessable passwords. These techniques include brute-force attacks, dictionary attacks, and rainbow table attacks.

Exploiting Software Vulnerabilities: By exploiting software vulnerabilities, ethical hackers can gain unauthorized access to a system. They leverage known vulnerabilities, exploit zero-day vulnerabilities, or manipulate insecure configurations to achieve their objectives.

Social Engineering: Social engineering tactics involve manipulating individuals within the target system to divulge sensitive information or perform actions that compromise security. This can include phishing attacks, impersonation, or psychological manipulation to deceive unsuspecting users.

Backdoors and Remote Administration Tools: Ethical hackers may deploy backdoors or remote administration tools within the target system to establish persistent access. These tools allow them to maintain control and access the system even after the Gaining Access Phase is complete.
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